As Jamaica’s rum dispute rages on, the island’s cultural identity is at stake. Will a stronger geographical indication (GI) protect its premium rum or will it put local producers out of business?
The Heart of Caribbean Identity: Jamaica‘s Rum Dispute
Rum is an integral part of Jamaica‘s cultural identity, but what defines a ‘Jamaican rum’? This question has sparked a heated debate on the Caribbean island, with some producers seeking to strengthen rules on geographical indications (GIs).
Jamaican rum is a type of spirit that originated in the Caribbean island nation.
It is made from sugarcane byproducts, such as molasses or sugarcane juice, and aged in oak barrels.
The aging process can range from two to 50 years, giving Jamaican rum its distinct flavor profile.
The country's unique climate and soil conditions contribute to the production of high-quality rums.
Popular brands include Appleton Estate, Myers's, and Wray & Nephew.
The Controversy Over Jamaican Rum
In October last year, Jamaica‘s Intellectual Property Office approved amendments to the GI designation for Jamaica Rum, which was originally set up in 2016. The main change is that ageing the rum overseas is now prohibited. This decision was made by the Spirits Pool Association (SPA), a trade organisation representing Jamaica‘s six rum distilleries.
Gosling's is a well-known brand of Jamaican rum, but there are other popular varieties worth exploring.
Jamaican rums are known for their rich flavor profiles, which often include notes of spices, vanilla, and oak.
The country's unique climate and soil conditions contribute to the distinct character of its rums.
Gosling's Black Seal is a popular choice, while Myers's and Appleton Estate also offer high-quality options.
These rums are often used in cocktails or enjoyed on their own as a sipping spirit.
The SPA argues that a stronger GI will give Jamaican rum better protection against competitors and lead to more drinkers recognising it as a premium product made to high specifications in a certain geographic location. However, this move has caused controversy among some producers, particularly National Rums of Jamaica (NRJ), which claims it would put their business out of commission.
Jamaica is renowned for its high-quality rum production, with several national brands that have gained international recognition.
Appleton Estate Rum, a subsidiary of Pernod Ricard, is one of the most popular Jamaican rums.
Others include 'Myers's Rum' and 'Captain Morgan', which are also widely available globally.
These rums are made from sugarcane by-products and are known for their rich flavor profiles and smooth textures.
Jamaica's rum industry has a long history dating back to the 17th century when European colonizers introduced sugar production.
The NRJ’s Perspective
NRJ is comprised of three shareholders: the government of Jamaica, Demerara Distillers of Guyana, and the Barbados-based West Indies Rum Distillery (WIRD). ‘We’ve been exporting and ageing rum abroad for centuries,’ said a spokesperson. ‘This change would put our business out of commission.’
The NRJ is appealing the ruling of Jamaica‘s Intellectual Property Office (JIPO), with a hearing scheduled for April 28. Christopher Gentles, general manager of the SPA, believes that ageing the rum before it is sold is crucial to its authenticity and uniqueness. He argues that exporting and ageing spirits overseas means Jamaica misses out on value-added processes and secondary benefits to the local economy.
The Importance of GIs
GIs make a product distinctive and open up three potential sources of value, according to Dev Gangjee, professor of intellectual property law at the University of Oxford. Firstly, GIs can command a price premium, with research showing that products can charge 1.5 to 2.7 times more than standard prices. Secondly, GIs anchor production in a specific region, preventing a product from becoming generic and losing its value. Lastly, GIs help to advertise the region and open up other aspects of history and geography.
Examples of successful and longstanding GIs include Scotch Whisky, ‘the water of life,’ champagne, and Parma ham. Rum tours are also a popular tourist activity across Jamaica, where visitors can learn about the drink and experience the island’s rich culture.
A Compromise?
While the SPA hopes that a stronger GI will boost acclaim and business, it is also about pride in a product intimately linked to Jamaica‘s history. Christopher Gentles believes that one day, both sides will put their differences behind them. The future of Jamaican rum remains uncertain, but its cultural significance and importance to the island’s identity are undeniable.
The dispute over Jamaica‘s rum GI has implications for other Caribbean countries, such as Barbados, which is also embroiled in a similar dispute. The failure of Barbados to obtain a GI has frustrated some producers, including Richard Seale, owner of Foursquare distillery. He believes that having an intrinsic industry rooted in the island is crucial to its success.
As the debate continues, it remains to be seen how Jamaica‘s rum will evolve and what the future holds for this iconic Caribbean product.
