A new study highlights the increased genetic risk of type 2 diabetes in South Asians, particularly those of Bangladeshi ancestry. The research found that this group has a greater genetic burden than those of Pakistani ancestry and also experiences earlier onset and poorer response to the disease.
Overview
Type 2 diabetes is a global health concern, with an estimated 828 million adults worldwide living with the condition.
Genetic Basis of the Disease
Increased Risk Factors
Genetic Drivers of Diabetes
Increased Genetic Risk
The study compared genetic data from British people with Pakistani or Bangladeshi heritage and found that those groups had an increased genetic risk of the pancreas failing to produce sufficient insulin over a person’s life.
Greater Genetic Burden
Those of Bangladeshi ancestry have a greater genetic burden than those of Pakistani ancestry, according to the study.
Unfavorable Fat Storage
South Asians have certain genes that cause fat to be stored in unfavorable areas of the body, such as around the liver and central organs instead of in safer areas like the thighs or arms.
Earlier Onset and Poorer Response
Prevention and Treatment Strategies
Lifestyle Factors Also Play a Role
While genetics play a significant role, lifestyle factors also impact diabetes risks. Health experts recommend daily exercise and avoiding high-sugar foods to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Environmental exposure to PM2.5 particles from air pollution is independently associated with higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Statistics
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An estimated 212 million people live with type 2 diabetes in India.
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People from a South Asian background may also develop the disease 10 years earlier than other populations, on average.
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Around 50% of type 2 diabetes cases are linked to high BMI.
Increased Genetic Risk in South Asians
The study found that within these groups, those of Bangladeshi ancestry have a greater genetic burden than those of Pakistani ancestry. Additionally, South Asians have certain genes that cause fat to be stored in unfavorable areas of the body, such as around the liver and central organs instead of in “safer” areas like the thighs or arms.
